Kevin+G10


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Human Genetic Engineering ** Should we Genetically modify humans?    

**Genetic engineering & modification ** **Genetic engineering ** Genetic engineering is the process of manually adding new DNA on a molecular level with the goal of adding one or more new traits that are not already found in that organism.  (Human Genetic engineering, 2008)  **Genetic modification **  The selective and purposeful alteration of genes by humans. Genetic modification includes methods of incorporating new genes or traits into an organism through genetic engineering, mutagenesis and traditional breeding methods.  (Human Genetic engineering, 2008) 

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Isolation of the genes that is selected <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Inserting genes into a vector <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Transformation of cells of organism to be modified <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Testing to isolate genetically modified organism (GMO) <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
 * <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Four essential steps of genetic engineering **

<span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">
 * <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Two ways of genetic engineering **
 * <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Somatic **<span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> modification does not add egg or sperm cells, but genes. If one had a disease caused by a defective gene, a healthy gene could be added to the affected cells to take care of the disorder; thus, this way of genetic engineering in non-inheritable.
 * <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Germline **<span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> engineering is to change genes of egg, sperm, or very early embryos. Therefore, this way of genetic engineering in inheritable that means its treatment will also affect one’s children and keep on going through its generations permanently.

<span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">
 * <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Genetic engineering’s positive and negative use **
 * <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(148, 54, 52); font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Negative genetic engineering **<span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> is when removing a hereditary disorders or diseases that use a non-pathogenic virus to insert a healthy copy of gene into the cells of the people. In this way, any kind of diseases are able to fix if we know which gene functions for what.
 * <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(148, 54, 52); font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Positive genetic engineering **<span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> is when it is used to enhance human abilities, even though one is not suffering from a disease. It can possibly improve one’s intelligence, stamina, longevity, immunity, and incorporation those are in embryos. However, this positive use is somewhat problematic with ethics problem that regards genetic engineer has to be used only for those who are suffering from disease, but not to enhance normal human abilities. Nowadays, researchers are looking for a way of practicing a positive genetic engineering without violating ethical matters.

<span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Even though there are bunch of great advantages of human modification, there are also some of the disadvantages. Because human’s gene and DNA structure is too complicated, even with small piece of mistake, there is a consequence that the whole thing would come out wrong. For example, virus insertion can cause cell to turn cancerous, because its random insertion of the virus can response wrong with the immune system if it lacks. Furthermore, genetic engineering of animals or foods can affect the food chain and disorder it, which can be terribly serious. <span style="color: rgb(23, 54, 93)">(Genetic Engineering Advantages & Disadvantages - Biology Online, 2006)
 * <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Disadvantages of human genetic engineering **

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Nowadays, it is controversy whether each country’s governments to allow their country’s researchers to keep on researching or restrict their research strictly. Because of the moral and ethical problems, lots of religious groups are involved, which is not quite deniable. Even those religious groups’ ideas are all different. For example, some of them think right after the fertilization, the cell is considered as another life. The others say that six weeks after the fertilization, it becomes a life at last. With these ambiguous restrictions, every government in the world tends to have a different policy towards it. Usually western developed countries have their tendency to be more generous. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">The thing that religious group asserts is that genetic engineering is only for a cure for those who suffer from a disease, but not for human enhancement. Because mankind is god’s creation, human cannot be remodeled by human’s hand. Therefore, religious group are mostly now allowing the cure of patients by genetic engineering. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">However, in my own opinion, the genetic engineering has to develop and keep on its track. As there is not enough technology now to modify human genes, researchers are required to have their freedom in researching and experimentations to speed up the development and make it possible so that we can save more human lives. Even enhancement of human body has to be allowed because, even though we modify our own body, it does not mean that we are insulting the name of god or disobey it. If there is a chance to make human life and world better, let us not just hide behind the name of convention, but try.
 * <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(84, 141, 212); font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">In what cases can it be justified? **

<span style="font-size: 13pt; color: red; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; color: red; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: red; font-family: 'Perpetua','serif'">Works cited "AgBiosafety - Glossary of Terms." __AgBiosafety - UNL's Source of Crop Biotechnology and Food Safety Information__. 18 Apr. 2008 <[|http://agbiosafety.unl.edu/glossary.htm>.] "Genetic engineering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." __Main Page - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia__. 18 Apr. 2008 <[|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering>.] "Genetic engineering or the result of a lot of really good breakfasts?." __Weird index__. 20 Apr. 2008 <www.berghuis.co.nz/abiator/weird/bigrooster.html>. "Genetic Engineering Advantages & Disadvantages - Biology Online." __Life Science Reference - Biology Online__. 19 Apr. 2008 <[|http://www.biology-online.org/2/13_genetic_engineering.htm>.] <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">"Human genetic engineering." //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia //. 18 Apr 2008, 01:13 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 20 Apr 2008 <[|http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_genetic_engineering&oldid=206389851]

__**<span style="color: rgb(230, 30, 30)">Mr. Covington's Comments **__<span style="color: rgb(230, 30, 30)">

-No One-world issues

Crit A: 2 Crit B: 6